Why is it Needed
The intake structure is it all begins. This is the water source for the community. You can have multiple sources feeding into the same aqueduct system. Typically, the intake structure is built into a small spring or creek, but could also represent a dam for a larger stream or river. Since this is the water the community will be drinking, make sure that the watershed (200+ meters in all directions from the intake point) is free of contamination (livestock, other villages, etc.).
The intake structure is it all begins. This is the water source for the community. You can have multiple sources feeding into the same aqueduct system. Typically, the intake structure is built into a small spring or creek, but could also represent a dam for a larger stream or river. Since this is the water the community will be drinking, make sure that the watershed (200+ meters in all directions from the intake point) is free of contamination (livestock, other villages, etc.).
Design
The design varies from source to source. For a spring, look at either a dam or intake box. For a stream, a modified dam structure can be used. Design ideas are located in the gravity-flow handbook. Consult with an engineer or someone who has experience designing and building intake structures prior to construction.
The design varies from source to source. For a spring, look at either a dam or intake box. For a stream, a modified dam structure can be used. Design ideas are located in the gravity-flow handbook. Consult with an engineer or someone who has experience designing and building intake structures prior to construction.
Make sure that the source is free of contamination.
Conduct a census of the community. Figure out a good growth rate multiplier to find the population at the end of the life of the aqueduct. Usually a system is designed for thirty years. What is the expected population thirty years from now? Use WHO’s 30 gallons/day/person, which is generous, to calculate the total water usage of the future community.
Measure the flow of the intake structure during the dry season to find the minimum daily amount of water coming from that source. If the flow does not produce enough to meet the future demand of the community, another source will be needed in addition or in place of the original source.
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